PART ONE - THE
BASICS
Lesson 3: Formal Pronouns, Possessive
Adjectives, and Plural Nouns
Before we teach you how to tell that
something belongs to a certain person, we first have to
teach you how to be polite in Turkish.
|
"Sen büyükannesin." |
"You are
grandmother." |
| "Siz
büyükannesiniz." |
"You are
grandmother." |
| "Senin bir
köpeğin var." |
"You have a
dog." |
| "Sizin bir
köpeğiniz var." |
"You have a
dog." |
And this same construction also
applies to the plural form of "you",
instead of "sen",
"siz" is used in formal
speech.
Now it's time to learn plural nouns.
Until now you've only seen singular nouns such as
"house" and
"chair", but now we'll teach
you how to form a plural noun ("houses",
"chairs") in Turkish. It is
quite easy, we have only two suffix :
"-ler" /"-lar"
Some examples:
|
kitap -kitaplar |
book- books |
| köpek-
köpekler |
dog- dogs |
| kapı- kapılar |
door - doors |
| kedi- kediler |
cat- cats |
| çocuk-
çocuklar |
child-
children |
| adam- adamlar |
man-
men |
| kadın-
kadınlar |
woman- women |
The suffix changes according to the
last vowel of the word.
| last vowel |
suffix |
| a / ı / o / u
|
-lar |
| e / i / ö / ü
|
-ler |
We're gonna learn "possessive
pronouns" or "possessive adjectives". At the same time
we'll learn how translate "this"
and "that" (demonstrative
pronouns). "this" is equal
to "bu" in Turkish. It is
used for showing something too near to us.
"that" has two equivalents:
"şu" and
"o". These have quite near
meanings. Here are a couple of new sentences:
|
"Bu senin evindir." |
"This is your
house." |
| "Şu benim
evimdir." |
"That is my
house." |
| "Şu sizin
evinizdir." |
"That is your
house."
(This is the polite/formal form, singular and
plural) |
| "Şu onun
evidir." |
"That is
his/her/its house." |
| "Bu onun
evidir." |
"This is
his/her/its house." |
| "Şu bizim
evimizdir." |
"That is our
house." |
| "Şu sizin
evinizdir." |
"That is your
house." |
| "Bu onların
evidir." |
"This is their
house." |
| "Bu sandalye" |
"This chair" |
| "Bu ev" |
"This house" |
| "Bu köpek" |
"This dog" |
| "Bu kedi" |
"This cat" |
| "Şu / O
sandalye" |
"That chair" |
| "Şu / O ev" |
"That house" |
| "Şu / O köpek" |
"That dog" |
| "Şu/ O kedi " |
"That cat" |
| "Bu evler" |
"these houses" |
| "Şu
anahtarlar" |
"those keys" |
| "Bu atlar" |
"these horses" |
| "O maymunlar" |
"those
monkeys" |
VOCABULARY
Learn the following words:
|
KİTAP |
THE BOOK |
| AT
|
THE HORSE |
| IRMAK / NEHİR
|
THE RIVER |
| GÖZ
|
THE EYE |
| MAYMUN
|
THE MONKEY |
| FARE
|
THE MOUSE |
| ANAHTAR
|
THE KEY |
| PARMAK |
THE FINGER |
| KULE
|
THE TOWER |
| ÇEMBER |
THE CIRCLE |
| FOTOĞRAF
|
THE PHOTO |
| FOTOĞRAF
MAKİNASI |
THE CAMERA |
| KAPI |
THE DOOR |
| BURASI /
BURADA |
HERE |
| ORASI / ORADA
|
THERE |
| BİRÇOK
|
MANY / MUCH |
EXERCISES
Exercise A: Translate to English:
1) Şunlar benim
fotoğraflarımdır.
2) Maymun parmaklara sahiptir.
3) Bunlar onların
anahtarlarıdır.
4) Bu bir faredir.
5) Benim birçok atım vardır.
6) O senin anahtarına sahiptir.
7) Bunlar sizin kulelerinizdir.
8) O ( kadın) bu kitaplara
sahiptir.
9) Biz o fotoğraf makinalarına
sahibiz.
Exercise B: Translate to Turkish:
1) We have many fingers.
2) These are my eyes.
3) That is his key.
4) This is your book and these
are your dogs. (spoken to a
stranger)
5) I have those photos.
6) Her books have photos.
7) They have the house.
8) This house is your house.
(spoken to a dear friend)
9) You are their grandmother.
(use formal speech)
10) The houses have many keys.
SOLUTIONS
Solution of
exercise A:
1) Those are my photos.
2) A monkey has fingers.
3) These are their keys.
4) This is a mouse.
5) I have many horses.
6) She has your key.
7) These are your towers.
8) She has these books.
9) We have those cámaras.
Solution of exercise B:
1) Biz birçok parmağa sahibiz.
2) Bunlar benim gözlerimdir.
3) Bu onun anahtarıdır.
4) Bu sizin kitabınızdır ve
bunlar sizin köpeklerinizdir.
5) Ben şu fotoğraflara sahibim.
6) Onun kitaplarının resimleri
vardır.
7) Onlar bir eve sahiptir. (
Onların bir evi vardır.)
8) Bu ev senin evindir.
9) Siz onların büyükannesisiniz.
10) Evlerin birçok anahtarı
vardır.
. |
