81. 85. soruları asağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
By the earty 19th century the eminent French
zoologist Georges Cuvier believed he had found
rock-solid evidence for the biblical great
flood. While studying the geological strata
around
Paris, Cuvier foundthat fossils of sea creatures
in one ancient layer of chalk were overlaid by
those of land creatures. Then just as abruptly
the layer above contained sea creatures again,
with the top layer showing evidence of a vast
and rapid inundation around present-day
Paris.
Cuvier regarded these sudden changes in the
fossil record as evidence for sudden
Catastrophes which devastated life on Earth, of
which the great flood was just the most recent
example. Cuvier's discoverie's, published in
1812 won support from a large number of eminent
scientists such as the geologist Sir James Hall
However there were a few who were deeply
sceptical, pointing out that the evidence of a
global flood was far from conclusive. Most
sceptical of all were the followers of the
Scottish geologist James Hutton. In 1795 he had
published atwo-volume text based on the view
that the slow steady processes that shape our
planet today,such as erosion,werw also crucially
important in the distant past.
81. We learn from the passage that many
scientists
A) gave full support to Çuvier's view that the
great flood had actually laken place
B) were not at all impressed by Cuvier's
discoveries in the Paris area
C) followed up Cuvier's excavations of marine
fossils
D) were, like Cuvier, engaged in a search for
evidence of the great flood
E) ceased to be sceptical of the great flood
once Sir James Hail had given his support to
Cuvier
82. it is pointed.out in the passage, that in
the course of excavations near Paris Cuvier
A) slowly came to recognize the geological
significance of the biblical great flood
B) was particularly surprised that there were
chalk formations in the area
C) was slow to recognize the geological
importance of marine fossils
D) grew interested in the fossils of sea
creatures only after he came across a second
layer
E) discovered altemating layers of fossils
relating to sea and land creatures
83. it is clear from the passage that Cuvier......
A) adopted an indifferent attitude towards the
attacks of his critics
B) was greatly influenced by Hutton's theory
conceming the Earth's formation
C) was particularly interested in marine fossils
and concentrated on them for research purposes
d) interpreted his fossil discoveries as
indications of major catastrophes similar to the
great flood
E) had devoted years of research to establishing
that the biblical great flood had actually
occurred
84. According to the passage, Cuvier's critics.......
A) were extremely jealous of his discoveries
near Paris
B) felt that there was insufficient geological
evidence to confırm that the biblical great
flood ever had occurred
C) regarded erosion as only a minor geological
process
D) were also equally opposed to the views
expressed by Hutton
E) certainly believed there had been a global
flood but did not regard his discoveries as
scientifically important
85. As we learn from the passage, Hutton's
theory was that.....
A) long-term geological change, such as erosion,
had been of paramount importance in the Earth's
history
B) erosion was the single most important cause
of geological change on Earth
C) some geological processes, such as erosion,
were relatively recent in the history of the
Earth
D) our planet had been subjected to countless
catastrophies in the distant past
E) the formation of our planet was the outcome
of different processes in different places
86. - 90. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
cevaplayınız.
No child is too young to play and therefore to
engage in engineering, even though it is of a
primitive kind. We all did so as children
ourselves when we devised our own toys and games
and sometimes even imaginary friends to enjoy
them with us. the idea of playfulness is
embedded in engineering through the concepts of
invention and design. Not that engineering is
trivial; rather, the heart of the activity is to
give imagination its freedom to dream and turn
those dreams into reality. Children do
experience the essence of engineering in their
earliest activities, yet there is seldom any
recognition that this is the case. They may hear
the word "engineer" only in connection with
railroad locomotives and have no idea that their
playful activity coul become a lifelong
profession. Engineers themselves are
understandably reluctant to equate their
professional activity with meer child's play.
After all, they studied long and hard to master
comlicated knowledge of atoms and molekules,
stresses and strains, heat and power, current
and voltages, bits and bytes. they use computers
for serious modelling and calculation, not for
fun and games, They design and build real towers
and bridges that test the limits of reliability
and safety, not toy ones that totter and fall
down with little consequence.
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86. The main point the wrîter is making in this
passage is that .......
A) man has practised engineering ever since
primitive times
B) some children are born to be engineers
C) children and engineers both have the capacity
to imagine and create
D) reliability and safety are minor details for
the professional engineer
E) any engineering fault in design ör
calculation does have serious conseguences
87. One point stressed in the passage is that
professional engineering ..........
A) is very different from all other scientific
activities
B) reguires more imagination than technical
knowledge and calculation
C) makes little use of theoretical knowledge
D) gives priority to design rather than to
invention
E) covers a vast field of involved or intricate
subjects of wide scope
88. As wecan see from the passage, the writer is
careful..........
A) not to exaggerate the importance of creative
play to a child
B) to list all areas that are of concem to an
engineer
C) to show how slowly a child's mental capacity
develops
D) not to offend engineers by his comparison
E) to avoid using technical terminology in the
passage
89. it is suggested in the passage that
children..........
A) are not aware of the fact that in their games
they are involved in some kind of engineering
activity
B) should be constantly encouraged to play games
that involve engineering techniques
C) love to imitate the activities that go on
around them
D) are incapable of imaginative thinking
E) have a primitive perception of life
90. According to the passage, what children and
engineers have in common are..........
A) reliability and safety
B) experience and knowledge
C) invention and design
D) modelling and calculation
E) recognition and reallty
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